| Area | From | To | 
|---|---|---|
| CPUs | 8-bit microprocessors | 32-bit SPARC/x86 | 
| Operating systems | Basic proprietary OSes | Unix and derivatives | 
| Programming languages | Machine code | Functional & object-oriented | 
| Debugging | Single-stepping the CPU | Formal program verification | 
| Application software | Numeric calculations | Theorem provers |